Updated 26 November 2025 In a previous post I talked about the four forces which govern the way the Universe works. I’m now going to give some examples of fine tuning. How different our Universe would be if these four forces had very different relative strengths. Summary of the Four Forces The Universe is governed… Continue reading Our finely-tuned Universe part II – Examples of fine tuning
Category: Cosmology
Our Finely-tuned Universe Part I-Fundamental forces
Updated 26 November 2025 This is first of a series of three posts in which I'll talk about the idea that the fundamental forces which govern our Universe and fundamental constants such as: the strength of gravity, the electric charge of the electron and the amounts of matter, dark matter and dark energy in the… Continue reading Our Finely-tuned Universe Part I-Fundamental forces
Understanding Cosmic Distances
I recently read an article from a popular astronomy website called Universe Today. It stated that: “…the CMB [cosmic microwave background radiation] is visible at a distance of 13.8 billion light years in all directions from Earth, leading scientists to determine that this is the true age of the Universe. “ This statement isn’t quite correct.… Continue reading Understanding Cosmic Distances
The Observable Universe and Its Horizons
Updated 28 November 2025 Although the Universe may be infinite in extent, in the generally accepted Big Bang cosmology we can only see a small fraction of it. This is known as the observable universe. Field of distant galaxies - Image Credit NASA There are three widely used definitions of cosmological horizons, which are limits… Continue reading The Observable Universe and Its Horizons
Distances in Cosmology
This post has now been superseded by a more detailed post Measuring Distances in Cosmology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I recently read an article on the popular astronomy website site Universe Today. It stated that ‘…the CMB [cosmic microwave background radiation] is visible at a distance of 13.8 billion light years in all directions from Earth, leading scientists… Continue reading Distances in Cosmology
Explaining Science 